Dr. David K. Davies 3 - 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geoscientists and petroleum engineers engaged in exploration, development and evaluation of sandstone reservoirs.

Contents
Sandstone Productivity: factors controlling porosity and permeability; porosity-permeability relationship; porosity cut-offs, varieties and geometrics; pay and nonpay; Reserve Redetermination: influence of rock type on recovery efficiency; prediction of rock type in noncored intervals; low contrast pay; identification of damaged zones; increasing reserves through integrated analysis; Petrophysical Interpretation: influence of sandstone composition and clays on log response; use of rock data to improve calculation of porosity and water saturations; Prediction Of Reservoir Characteristics: Shape, trend, and size of sandstone reservoirs; Lateral and vertical permeability seals; Relative drainage efficiencies of different sandstone bodies; Clay minerals and related common pore-fill minerals; influence of clays on logs; clay mineral problems; Prevention Of Formation Damage: recommendations for prevention and clean-up of damage and scale; optimal design of stimulation procedures; how to determine when stimulation will be effective. Case studies are included.

Dr. Nabil A. Morgan 5 days

Who Should Attend
A practical course for explorationists involved in seismic data acquisition who need to develop the skills of designing and monitoring optimum field parameters. Seismic processors are related to future data processing issues and interpretation objectives.

Contents
Introduction: Comparison of 2-D and 3-D. Field Equipments: Vibroseis system, mechanic, electronic and sweeps, the dynamite systems, airguns, multistreamer, ocean bottom cable, and telemetric recording equipments. Noise Analysis: tests, arrays. Signal Analysis: Temporal and spatial aliasing and resolution, NMO stretch, Velocity and RNMO resolution, minimum and maximum offsets. Parameter Design: Stack array approach, group interval, cross line interval, design of optimum sweep, Dynamite tests, optimum airgun array. Optimum number of channels versus number of shots, inline and crossline folds, migration aperture, offset redundancy, offset and azimuth distributions. Field Techniques: Progression, loop shooting, swath and circle shooting, monitoring and quality control. The Future: review of recently introduced technologies. Workshops and Exercises.

Dr. David K. Davies 3 days

Who Should Attend
Engineers with little or no knowledge of geology, as well as geologists involved in all aspects of reservoir development.

Contents
Basic Geological Controls on Reservoir Quality; Composi-tion of Sandstones, Shales and Clays; Environments of Shaly Sand Depositions; Diagenesis and Clays; Structural, Laminar and Dispersed Shale: influence on effective porosity and producibility; Shale and Clay Effects on Log-Response, including low resistivity pay; Pore Geometry and Clays; Formation Damage Mechan-isms Related to Clays; Optimal Completion Proce-dures for Shaly Sands. Case studies of fields and wells include examples from various parts of the world.

Melvan (Mel) D. Carter 3 days

Who Should Attend
Designed for the explorationist in need of accurate depth maps. Particularly helpful for the geoscientist investigating the spatially variable differences between well depths and seismic depth maps.

Contents
Velocity terminology, definitions, and formulae. Model studies of NMO versus velocity types and NMO versus offset. Normalized interval velocities are related to lithology using the work of Pennebaker, Acheson, and Byun. Utilization of well data for compaction studies, normalized velocity versus lithology, construction of a picking template or nomograph to guide the repicking of seismic velocities and sonic editing after Fischer. Depth conversion techniques; Time-line method, using both check shot times and seismic times; "layer cake" method, using both interval and normalized interval velocities. Using the normalized velocity requires depth compaction measurements and an iterative depth algorithm. In the average velocity method using seismic velocities, systematic errors are studied. The technique for detecting, measuring, and removing these system errors is presented along with a method of quantifying the accuracy of the process. Course includes case studies and exercises. Work in small groups is involved.

Dr. David K. Davies 3 days

Who Should Attend
Geologists, geophysicists, reservoir and petroleum engineers involved in reservoir exploration, evaluation, development, and production.

Contents
Geology: Composition, texture and lithologies of reservoir and seal rocks; mineral composition in sandstones. Environments of deposition: reservoir characterization and internal distribution and scale of heterogeneities; porosity and permeability distribution; relationship to directional permeability; interpretation of environments from cores and cuttings; integration of rock and log data for optimal environmental interpretation. Diagenesis: Influence on pore geometry and distribution, permeability, relative permeability, "m", "n", and saturation; effect of pore types on well performance and recovery; reservoir quality; pore facies analysis; diagenesis and pore system of shales. Formation evaluation: Use and abuse of wireline logs; relative strengths of all tools; porosity, permeability and saturation cut-offs; evaluation of "difficult" and shaly pay; influence of heavy, light, and clay minerals on porosity and saturation determination; prediction of permeability, reserve determination. For-mation damage: clay & other minerals; preventing/cleaning up formation damage; optimal stimulation procedures; recommendations for treatment.

Brian H. Russell 1 day

Who Should Attend
Seismic interpreters and processors who would like a more comprehensive look at an old, but poorly understood, processing technique.

Contents
The Concept of a Static Correction: static vs. dynamic corrections, recording considerations, statics in the overall processing flow; Field Statics: computing field statics, geological considerations, case studies; Refraction Statics: basic refraction concepts, classical methods, least-squares methods in both depth and time; Automatic Residual Statics: linear surface-consistent methods, nonlinear surface-consistent methods, 3-D statics; Layer-Replacement Techniques: ray-trace modeling, wave-equation datuming; Interpretive Considerations: structural effects, stratigraphic effects.

Dr. Douglas W. Waples 5 days

Who Should Attend
An introductory course for petroleum geologists, geophysicists, exploration managers, and research geologists. Previous knowledge of organic chemistry is not necessary.

Contents
Origin of fossil fuels; Factors influencing source-rock deposition; Kerogen: formation, composition, and conversion to hydrocarbons; Thermal models for hydrocarbon formation: including practice exercises; Bitumen and petroleum: formation, composition, and transformations; Migration of hydrocarbons; Analytical techniques for kerogen, bitumen, petroleum and natural gas; Source rock evaluation and data interpretation: including practice exercises; Correlation Tech-niques: oil/oil and oil/source rock, including practice exercises and case studies; Hydrocarbon exploration game: a group exercise running concurrently with the class, and emphasizing application in an exploration context of the principles introduced throughout the course.

Dr. Nabil A. Morgan 3 days

Who Should Attend
Explorationists who are engaged in seismic activities, water and mineral researches and engineers who are involved in engineering projects such as quarry site, foundations for dams, bridges and underground oil storage.

Contents
Introduction: the value of the refraction tool. Principle: wave front and Hygens' principle. Time-Distance Relations: delay time, horizontal and dipping multilayer models, layer thickness estimation, masking layer problems. Data Acquisition: field equipment, optimum parameters, field techniques, reversed and continuous profiling. Data interpretation: geometric methods, law of parallelism, Half intercept and Mean Minus Time functions, ABC, Hales, Hagiwara, wave front and General Reciprocal Method (GRM) methods. Refraction for Static: principle of static correction, autopicking of first breaks, Johnsons and General Linear Inversion (GLI) methods.

Dr. Douglas W. Waples 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geologists who have some experience using geochemical data.

Contents
Source-rock Evaluation: principles, geochemical logs and their interpretation, and difficulties and errors commonly encountered; Organic-facies Interpretation: examples using source-rock data, gas-chromatography data, and biomarker data; case studies and exercises); Maturity Interpretation: from source-rock data and from biomarkers; pitfalls in each technique; examples, case studies, and exercises; Correlations: general principles; oil/oil correlations; oil/source-rock correlations; examples, case studies, and exercises; Basin Analysis: an overview of the use of geochemistry in regional evaluation and basin analysis, including both numerical computer simulations and traditional approaches; Basin Evaluation Exercise: the class is divided into small groups to analyze a basin for which geological and geochemical data are provided. Emphasis is on both the correct interpretation of the geochemical data and on its integration into exploration.

Dr. Dave Marsden 3 days

Who Should Attend
Exploration geologists and geophysicists with a solid understanding of seismic methods and seismic data interpretation, and personnel involved in seismic data modeling.

Contents
Introduction: Velocity and Exploration Cycle; Velocity Definitions: detailed look at common types of velocities; Modeling Fundamentals: model building, ray-trace modeling, wave-equation modeling, connected and unconnected macrovelocity models. The Velocity Domain: understanding the key controls on, and relationships between, the various velocities used; Well Velocities: Sonic logs, check shots and core measurements; use in macrovelocity model building; Heirarchy of Velocities from Seismic Data: from optical stack via stacking velocity to velocities from depth gathers and tomography. Stacking Velocities: the most common form of seismically derived velocity; factors affecting stacking velocites; possible corrections; Other Seismically Derived Velocities: refraction analysis, model-driven stacking velocities, depth gathers, residual velocity analysis and tomography; Macrovelocity Model Uses: acquisition design, on-board processing, depth conversion, image ray (event and map) migration, pre- and post-stack depth migration, pressure and lithology prediction; Summary: a new paradigm.

Dr. Tor H. Nilsen 5 days

Who Should Attend
Explorationists exploring frontier areas and complex basins in which better understanding of basin evolution and formation is required.

Contents
Tectonic and Stratigraphic Framework: influence of plate-tectonics on basin formation and evolution. Depositional Systems: eolian, fluvial, deltaic, shelf, and deep-marine depositional systems and their relationship to tectonic setting. Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis: play concepts in various settings and depositional systems; eustatic analysis. Subsidence Analysis: geohistory; backstripping; uplift; subsidence mechanisms. Basin Analysis: Intracratonic basins; Divergent-margins, including nonmarine rift valleys, marine rift basins, rifted margins, protoceanic gulfs, aulacogens, abyssal plains; Strike-slip basins, including fault-bend, transrotational, stepover, transpressional, and polygenetic and polyhistory strike-slip basins; Convergent-margins, including trenches, trench-slope basins, accretionary wedges, forearc, intra-arc, backarc, interarc, foreland, and collapse basins; Complex basins, including polygenetic, polyhistory, and polycyclic basins, successor basins, and basins associated with accretion and dispersal of tectonostratigraphic terranes. Review of Exploration Concepts: Application of different strategies to different basin types.

Brian H. Russell 3 days

Who Should Attend
Senior interpreting geophysicists or geologists with a strong geophysical background. All participants should have a knowledge of seismic processing techniques.

Contents
A review of standard processing techniques. Advances in deconvolution: maximum-likelihood deconvolution, surface-consistent deconvolution, Q-filtering. Noise elimination techniques: plane wave decomposition, Tau-P transform, generalized Radon transform, K-L transform. New concepts in velocity and statics: 3-D refraction statics by GLI, Monte Carlo statics, inverse velocity transform. Prestack migration: Prestack partial migration, dip movement (DMO), full prestack migration. Post-stack migration: complex imaging, depth migration. Case studies are included in the course, with 25% of class time dedicated to exercises.

Dr. John D. Edwards 2 - 3 days

Who Should Attend
Geoscientists exploring for petroleum in regions dominated by divergent and passive-margin tectonics.

Contents
This two-day seminar-workshop will cover divergent margin basin evolution. Emphasis is on tectonic, stratigraphic and charge systems as they relate to commercial hydrocarbon potential. Both successful and unsuccessful exploration ventures in divergent margin basins will be presented. Analysis of the geologic sequence of events required for successful exploration will be discussed. Participation in these presentations and discussions by all delegates is expected. In a workshop format, representative seismic profiles from several divergent margin basins will be interpreted by each delegate. Delegates are encouraged to bring data on problem areas in divergent margin basins for discussion. The exploration potential of worldwide divergent margin basins will be the final topic for discussion and must include both deep water potential and stratigraphic trap potential.

Dr. Nabil A. Morgan 5 days

Who Should Attend
Seismic interpreters, geologists and geophysicists who have not been exposed in detail to data processing, and processors who desire to increase their knowledge in their domain.

Contents
Introduction: identification of events on field records; processing sequence. Signal Analysis: fourier analysis, temporal aliasing and resolution, correlation, convolution. Filters: tests and design, F.K. filtering, spatial aliasing and resolution. Seismic Velocity: searching techniques, NMO application and stretch. Static: field static, surface and CDP consistent static. Deconvolution: principle, tests for optimum filter. Migration: multiple attenuation, thin analysis, and Tau-P processing, modeling. Workshops and Exercises.

Dr. John D. Edwards 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geoscientists who wish to improve their ability to recognize and interpret different structural styles with an emphasis on trap definition.

Contents
Introduction: overview of rock properties, rock mechanics and stress regimes; Structural Concepts and Descriptive Terminology: stress-strain, faults, folds, plate tectonics, continental margins (divergent vs. convergent), basin classification; Tectonic Style: explanations, examples and discussion of the plate tectonic environment in which these tectonic styles are generated. Extensional Tectonics: normal faults - basement extension, intrasediment mobile salt and growth fault structures; Compressional Tectonics: basement block faulting and intrasediment fold-thrust structures. Wrench Tectonics. Workshop sessions: selected seismic profiles maps and cross-sections in each structural style for student interpretation; reasonable alternative interpretations where data are ambiguous or incomplete; individual student counseling.

Brian H. Russell 2 days

Who Should Attend
Geophysicists and geologists with a strong geophysical background, who want an overview of the subject of amplitude versus offset analysis (AVO).

Contents
Introduction: basic seismic wave principles, Poisson's ratio and gas saturation, Biot-Gassmann equations, lithologic examples. AVO theory: Zoeppritz' equations, Shuey's approximation, AVO modeling and inversion. AVO analysis: acquisition considerations, processing considerations, interpretation of AVO measurements, case studies. Practical AVO: why AVO is less than perfect--consideration will be given to such concerns as array attenuation, NMO tuning, and phase and amplitude errors--how these factors hurt us, and what can we do to reduce their effect. Course includes theory and application.

Dr. Alastair Beach 3 days

Who Should Attend
Exploration and development staff requiring an up-to-date understanding of practical structural geology.

Contents
Structural geometries from seismic data, interpretation of structures in extensional rifts, planar and listric faults, inverted extensional basins, fold and thrust belts, strike slip terranes, and areas of salt tectonics; deducing structural history in complex terranes; characteristic features contemporaneous faulting. Structural analysis of maps, assessing structure maps; fault displacement gradients, mapping fault terminations, intersection of faults, contour closure on faults, stratigraphic separation; fault population studies. Footwall uplift in extensional tectonics, impact on structural closure, new approaches to extensional basin models, preservation and erosion of reservoir, computer modeling of cross-sections. New techniques in fault seal analysis, risk of fault seal, migration and filling histories, fault compartments, hydrocarbon column height in undrilled compartments. Basin models for estimates of stretching and heat flow, paleobathymetry for sediment distribution models. Section restoration and balancing - concepts, tests for viability of interpreted cross-sections, constraints on geometry and history, example applications.

Brian H. Russell 2 days

Who Should Attend
Geologists and geophysicists who want a practical overview of this subject.

Contents
Introduction: basic seismic wave principles; Biot-Gassman equations; lithologic examples; Seismic Inversion: narrow-band recursive inversion; sparse-spike inversion; model-based inversion; Amplitude-Versus-Offset Analysis: acquisition considerations; processing considerations; interpretation of AVO measurements; modeling and inversion of AVO data; case studies; Shear-Wave Analysis: acquisition of shear-wave data; processing of shear-wave data; interpretation of shear-wave data; shear-wave case study. The focus will be on the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of seismic lithological measurements, as well as the basic theory of rock physics and seismic wave propagation.

Dr. Alastair Beach 3 days

Who Should Attend
Development and production staff, including reservoir engineers, working in hydrocarbon fields where structural problems have to be resolved and integrated.

Contents
Structural analysis of maps: fault displacement gradient analysis as a tool for identifying geological and interpretational problems in structure maps, mapping fault terminations and intersections, providing a robust volumetric model; contouring displacement within fault surfaces to control reservoir separation. Fault population studies: quantitative analysis of fault data on throw, length, spacing and density; integrating data from structure maps, cores and wireline logs; impact of small scale structures on reservoir properties. Spatial distribution: analytical approach to determining the distribution of small scale structures in reservoirs, models for closed and open faults and fractures, application of quantitative outcrop data. Fault seal: limitation of stratigraphic juxtaposition diagrams, new quantitative techniques in fault seal analysis, fault seal capacity and mechanisms, definition of separate fault compartments, estimates of hydrocarbon column height in undrilled compartments, use of pressure data, static and dynamic fault seal behavior during production, fault transmissibility input to reservoir models.

Dr. Ed Tree 4 days

Who Should Attend
Geophysicists working with the vibroseis method. The course is particularly appropriate for those involved in survey design or the acquisition of the data, but is also of value to the interpreter.

Contents
Introduction: historical perspective, energy levels, applicability of vibroseis. General theory: signal-to-noise ratios, time-band width product, Fourier transform review, linear processes, convolution and correlation, source and receiver arrays, signal propagation losses. Vibroseis concepts: event detection, the vibroseis sweep and the compressed pulse, tapering and far correlation sidelobes. Vibroseis in practice: elements of a vibrator&shypcontroller, servo valve, hydraulic circuit, system control and feedback, performance limitations, polarity convention. Problems in vibroseis: nonlinearities and harmonics, amplitude and phase errors, base-plate flexing, ground coupling, statics and long arrays. Advanced vibroseis methods: spectral shaping, patterns and sweep frequency, tracking filters, pseudo-random sweeps. Vibroseis operations: source and recording instruments, vibrators and control equipment, source and receiver arrays. Quality: performance checks, wave tests and production testing. Processing: Effects of noise spikes, mixed phase signals, F-K filtering, acquisition. Program design: objectives, economic trade-offs, arrays, sweep parameters.

Dr. Alan J. Scott 5 days

Who Should Attend
Exploration geologists and geophysicists and production personnel involved in detailed stratigraphic interpretation of sandstones and associated facies & prediction of reservoir characteristics & architecture.

Contents
Basic process sedimentologic concepts: transportation mechanisms; development and hydrologic significance of primary stratification types; biogenic structures; Environments of sandstone deposition: effects of tectonics, climate, tides, wave-generated currents, and sea-level fluctuations on depositional systems tracts; Depositional systems: basic processes and facies characteristics; depositional models; vertical sequence and log responses; cross-sections and facies relationships; net sand distribution; detailed reservoir characteristics, case studies of producing fields. Depositional systems: fluvial; alluvial fan/fan delta; deltaic; non-deltaic shoreline (strandplains, barrier islands, tidal flats); shelf; slope and basinal; eolian and other non-marine systems. Tectonics and sequence stratigraphy: basin-fill architecture; effect of tectonics on depositional systems and system tracts; sea-level fluctuations; sequence stratigraphic concepts; characteristics of system tracts; exploration opportunities and strategies. Coverage of relevant systems will be based on the location of the course.

Dr. Nabil A. Morgan 5 days

Who Should Attend
An introductory course designed for exploration geophysicists or geologists who are active in one area and who seek a better understanding of the fundamentals of the other areas, as well as an increase of knowledge in their own area.

Contents
Introductory Reviews: nature and types of seismic waves; principles of reflection, refraction and diffraction; attenuation of seismic waves; Seismic Data Acquisition: description and comparison of seismic sources, land and marine; seismic detectors; digital recording equipment, principles of sampling, aliasing and multiplexing; practical procedures to determine optimum field parameters; two- and three- dimensional field techniques; Seismic Data Processing: signal analysis reviewing Fourier transforms, correlation and convolution theories; deconvolution; applicable methods to evaluate optimal processing parameters such as velocity, digital filter and deconvolution filters; residual static; migration; processing sequence; Seismic Data Interpretation: awareness of velocity and wavelet as related to the interpreter; structural interpretation; lithological interpretation; interpretation by modeling techniques; contouring; interpretation of 3-D seismic data. Exercises are included in the course.

Dr. Alan J. Scott 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geoscientists and production personnel involved in the application of detailed stratigraphic analyses to predict reservoir occurrence, characteristics and architecture.

Contents
Process sedimentologic concepts, primary stratification types and biogenic structures; Modern depositional systems, component facies, variations and recognition in ancient deposits (surface and subsurface); Depositional models; High-frequency sequence stratigraphic concepts and methods; Depositional Sys-tems: fluvial; alluvial fan/fan delta; deltaic; non-deltaic shoreline (strandplains, barrier islands, tidal flats, etc.); shelf, slope and basinal, eolian and other non-marine systems; Topics for each depositional system include: pro-cesses and component facies characteristics, depositional models, vertical sequences and log-facies characteristics, lateral relationships and facies architecture, net sand distribution, reservoir characteristics, case studies; Sequence Stratigraphy: depositional cycles, origin and scale; causes and effect of sea level cycles, sequence stratigraphic analysis, use of genetic units based on facies models, erosional surfaces, and flooding surfaces; Role of tectonic setting and syndepositional tectonics on sequence stratigraphy, systems tract characteristics. Data sets will be used.

Douglas Guion 3 days

Who Should Attend
Working explorationists, either geologists or geophysicists. The amount of theory, instrumentation and data reduction covered is only that necessary for the competent interpreter.

Contents
Gravity Exploration: basic principles, gravity acquisition/reduction, gravity and global tectonics, rock densities and determination thereof, calculation of gravity anomalies from geologic bodies, gravity interpretation, applied gravity interpretation problems. Magnetic Exploration: basic principles, rock magnetism, anomaly types, magnetic acquisition/reduction, magnetics and global tectonics, calculation of magnetic anomalies from geologic bodies, magnetic interpretation, applied magnetic interpretation problems. General Note: Will include numerous practical examples from a wide variety of geologic settings and several "hands on" practical problems. Settings include: normal faults, reverse faults, regional sedimentary basin studies, horsts, grabens, anticlines, reefs, salt domes, igneous intrusions, and lava flows. A practical approach, recognizing the limitations of the gravity and magnetic methods, is emphasized. Some computer modeling will be incorporated and demonstrated.

Dr. Charles T. Siemers 5 days

Who Should Attend
Exploration and production geologists; also recommended for petroleum engineers and geophysicists who have geological backgrounds.

Contents
Concepts of the genetic process-oriented approach to sedimentology and stratigraphy and holistic approach to basin analysis; basin-filling processes and products; applications of sequence stratigraphy; Sedimentary Structures, Textures and Compositions: primary structures, depositional fabrics, textures and compositions and effects of diagenesis as related to well-log responses and reservoir properties; physical, biogenic and chemical sedimentary processes and recognition of their products. Well Logs: response to petrophysical characteristics of sedimentary successions; use in predictive models of the subsurface; Depositional Systems: continental (alluvial fan, braided & meandering stream, aeolian), shoreline (deltaic & non-deltaic), shelf, slope and basinal (including submarine fans) deposits; examples of petroleum-bearing sedimentary successions. Cores: handling effective analysis using associated subsurface data

Dr. Robert E. Sheriff 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geoscientists with 2-5 years experience who want to broaden their perspective and capabilities in seismic interpretation.

Contents
Relating CMP data and geologic sections; reflector curvature effects and diffractions; migrated versus unmigrated sections; acquisition and processing pitfalls; 3-D interpretation; velocity effects; effect of vertical velocity gradient; conversion to depth and depth sections; horizontal velocity variations; velocity pitfalls; use of structural style as an interpretation aid; evidences of faulting; interpretation of thrust and wrench features; interpretation of diapiric and sedimentary features; mechanics of interpretation; structural and waveform modeling; seismic waveform analysis; uses of synthetic seismograms; tying well data to seismic sections; correlation pitfalls; seismic stratigraphy; recognition of eustatic effects; system tracts; seismic facies recognition; hydrocarbon indicator analysis; synthetic seismic logs; interactive interpretation; 3-D capabilities; VSP and its uses; shear-wave interpretation; variation of amplitude with offset; interpretation pitfalls; development and production seismology.

Larry Lines 3 days

Who Should Attend
Exploration geophysicists with an understanding of fundamental mathematics, basic calculus and linear algebra.

Contents
Geophysical inversion provides a systematic vehicle to turn observations into geologic models without the use of "trial and error" methods. Inversion is viewed as the method of fitting earth model responses to data sets. Applications of inversion include imaging layered earth systems and complicated velocity distributions for use in imaging procedures such as depth migration in order to obtain subsurface seismic reflectivity. Case examples demonstrate how inversion can estimate geological models from reflection seismic, VSP, cross-borehole seismic gravity and well log data.

Introduction: turning geophysical observations into geologic models; Seismic impedance estimation: imaging layered earth and complex velocity distributions;Optimization methods and least squares inversion; Seismic traveltime tomography and depth migration; Reservoir characterization by borehole tomography and reflection imaging; Integrated interpretation of geophysical data: incorporating reflection and cross-borehole seismic, VSP, gravity and well-log data; Full waveform inversion methods.

Stewart G. Squires 2 days

Who Should Attend
Experienced geophysicists.

Contents
Geophysical theory: shear waves versus P waves, velocities, mode conversion, reflectivities. Acquisition and processing of multicomponent data: survey design, source consideration, statics. Inter-pretation basics: display considerations, imaging enhancements using shear waves. Lithology estimation: Vp/Vs. Evaluation of fractures using anisotropy: theory, holograms as a basic analysis tool, delay time measurements, attenuation. Wellbore tomography. Summary and integration of concepts. Approximately 60% of this course is dedicated to exercises and workshop sessions.

John T. Dewan 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geologists, reservoir engineers and petrophysicists who wish to extend their basic log analysis skills to the latest and most advanced techniques being offered today.

Contents
Review of interpretation relations: variability of Archie's "m" and "n" parameters; uncertainties in computed answers. Difficulties in Rw determination: uncertainties in Rmf values and effects of Mg, Ca, and K ions in formation water and drilling mud. New resistivity tools: phasor and array inductions, thin bed and azimuthal laterologs; advantages and limitations. New porosity tools: pulsed neutron, spectral density and dipole acoustic tools. In-depth shaly sand analysis: laminated, dispersed and structural situations; Simandoux, Indonesia, Dual Water and Waxman-Smits methods. Log computation by simultaneous solution of response equations. Thin bed analysis: curve sharpening techniques, high resolution measurements and convolution-matching methods. Dipmeter logging and Borehole imaging: resistivity and ultrasonic methods. Geo-chemical logging by elemental analysis. Pulsed neutron and C/O logging for hydrocarbon analysis through casing. Measurement while drilling and horizontal well logging. New formation testing tools: virgin fluid sampling, measurement of both horizontal and vertical permeability.

Alistair R. Brown 3 days

Who Should Attend
Both geologists and geophysicists with some prior knowledge of seismic interpretation.

Contents
Introduction: why 3-D? 3-D for development, vertical and horizontal seismic resolution, seismic wavelets, importance of amplitude and phase control, Fresnel zone, seismic migration, sampling, 3-D survey design. Structural Inter-pretation of 3-D Data: slicing the cube, horizontal sections, fault handling, contouring, case histories, composite displays, phase sections, residual and dip maps, other attribute displays. Stratigraphic Inter-pretation of 3-D Data: recognition of characteristic shapes, importance of map-style view, channels, bars and carbonate features, horizon slices, depositional surfaces, nonconformities, interactive methods, turbidite mapping. 3-D Interpretation Philosophy: data collection, widely-spaced 3-D data, interactive horizon tracking. Color: contrasting and gradational color schemes, amplitude detail, importance and recognition of zero-phaseness. Reservoir Identification: bright, dim, and flat spots, phase changes, amplitude, display scales, zero-phaseness and tuning, reservoir limits and identification. Reservoir Evaluation: properties affecting seismic amplitude, fluid visibility, mapping porosity, reservoir layering, mapping net-to-gross ratio, net-pay thickness, tuning estimation and removal, fault slicing.

John T. Dewan 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geologists and engineers wishing to develop practical expertise in basic log analysis.

Contents
The logging setup: typical tool arrays and log presentations. Rock properties of concern. Disturbance caused by drilling: invasion, mudcake formation and caving. Funda-mental interpretation relations; basic interpretation procedure. Spontaneous potential logs: determination of Rw. Gamma ray and spectral gamma ray logs: estimation of shale fraction. Induction logs and laterologs: determination of Rt. Spectral density, neutron and acoustic logs: evaluation of porosity and lithology. Hingle and Pickett crossplots. Shaly formation interpretation: Simandoux, Dual Water and Waxman-Smits methods. Quicklook and office-computed logs. Fresh water (dielectric) logging. Formation testing: measurement of pressure and permeability; prediction of producibility. Selection of logging suites. Practical ex-amples from high-porosity sand, medium-porosity mixed lithology and low-porosity carbonite-evaporite sequences.

Dr. Robert E. Sheriff 3 days

Who Should Attend
Geologists, geophysicists, and reservoir engineers who wish to understand how seismic methods can assists in developing and producing hydrocarbon fields more profitably.

Contents
The role of the reservoir simulation models in reservoir development and management; Non-mathematical review of relevant seismic concepts; Seismic methods applicable to reservoir studies--3-D HCI, high-resolution, VSP, crosshole, time-lapse, geostatistical, tomography. Defining the limits of reservoirs; Locating faults and other barriers to fluid flow; How seismic methods change field models; Determining net and gross thickness, porosity, porosity-thickness, lithology, and Poisson's ratio. Determining the orientation of fracture systems; Imagining changes within a reservoir as production proceeds; Emerging and alternative geophysical technologies.

Alistair R. Brown 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geoscientists and petroleum engineers who want to extract more reservoir information from geophysical data.

Contents
Problems of Development Geophysics: needs of reservoir engineers; vertical seismic resolution; wavelet processing and amplitude preservation; zero-phaseness; interactive interpretation; Importance of Color: velocity measurement; seismic inversion; attribute analysis; Horizontal Resolu-tion: migration; sampling and aliasing; 3-D migration; 3-D survey design; 3-D Data Collection and Processing: structural interpretation of horizontal sections; fault recognition and mapping; subtle structural features; growth structures and fault throw; Stratigraphic Interpretation of Horizontal Sections: reefs, channels and nonconformities; depositional surfaces; interactive interpretation; Vertical Seismic Profiling: tying borehole and seismic data; well-to-well tomography; fullwave form sonic logging; borehole gravity; Tuning Phenomena: study of thin beds; HCIs; offset-dependent amplitude; Shear Waves: lithology porosity and pore shape from Vp/Vs ratios; identification of gas; Reservoir Properties Affecting Seismic Amplitude: use of amplitude; porosity and porosity barriers; net gas sand mapping; measurement/removal of tuning effects; analysis of tracked horizon data; Reservoir Communication, Sealing and Leaking: EOR monitoring.

Dr. Nabil A. Morgan 5 days

Who Should Attend
Explorationists who are engaged in seismic interpretation. Seismic processors who wish to be exposed to the interpretation techniques.

Contents
The New Seismic Interpreter: Requirements for data acquisition, requirements for data processing, pitfalls of seismic interpretation. General Inter-pretation: reflection identification, interactive tracking 2D/3D, tying; section missties, synthetic seismogram missties, time-depth conversion. Structure Interpretation: structures, contouring, faults, fault recognition and mapping, 3D fault slicing and 3D fault seal mapping techniques. Seismic Stratigraphy: seismic sequence analysis; the geological model and implementation, 3D mapping of seismic sequence. Statigraphic Interpretation: processing, color displays, seismic attributes, reef analysis, sand-shale analysis, direct hydrocarbon indicators. Interpretation by Modeling: concept, forward modeling, inverse modeling. Presenting The Final Interpretation.

Dr. James H. Justice 3 days

Who Should Attend
Geoscientists, engineers, and managers who need to learn more about new imaging technologies for reservoir characterization and management.

Contents
Introduction and Overview: imaging objectives, structure and stratigraphy, lithology, pores and fluids; Dynamic Imaging Methodologies: physical and mathematical bases for imaging, velocity and acoustic impedance, crosswell seismology, diffraction tomography, reflection profiling, single borehole imaging; Data acquisition: objectives, design, geometry and simulation, sampling and aliasing, borehole sources, receivers and instrumentation; processing and inversion data preparation, quality control, sampling, frequency content, errors in geometry, noise, anisotropy, wave propagation effects, shear and compressional waves, image reconstruction, evaluation, resolution, data display and integration, visualization; Interpretation: poroelastic modeling, empirical relationships/cross plots, reservoir simulators, well logs, core and production/injection data,
s- vs. p-waves, Poisson's ratio; Applications/Case Histories: cross sections, fault mapping, lithology, porosity, fluid saturation, desaturation, steam flood monitoring, CO2 monitoring, waterfloods, reservoir characterization, and management, infill drilling, salt flank imaging; Economics.

Dr. Robert E. Sheriff 2 - 5 days

Who Should Attend
Geologists and geophysicists who wish to understand the kinds of stratigraphic information that can be derived from seismic data and the techniques for doing so.

Contents
Seismic features with stratigraphic implications and resolution limitations. Seismic sequence and facies analysis--time significance of reflections and techniques used to identify depositional environments. Reflection character analysis--stratigraphic modeling, seismic inversion, and hydrocarbon indicators. Applications of seismic stratigraphy will be illustrated by case histories and workshop sessions.

Dr. Helmut Jakubowicz 5 days

Who Should Attend
Designed for anyone who works regularly with seismic data and would like to know more about the ways in which seismic data are acquired and processed.

Contents
General introduction: basic seismic theory, the convolutional model. Acquisition: sources, receivers, arrays, recording equipment, recording techniques. Initial Processing: display; gain; filtering; signature compensation; predictive multichannel filtering; multichannel multiple suppression. Imaging: post-stack migration, pre-stack migration, dip moveout correction, and depth migration. 3-D: acquisition techniques; binning; two-pass and one-pass migration methods; 3-D prestack migration; 3-D dip moveout correction. Summary and conclusion.: extensive use will be made
of data examples and participants will be provided with sections illustrating the effects of all the basic processing techniques on a marine dataset.

Dr. Timothy A. Cross 4 days

Who Should Attend
Exploration and development geologists and geophysicists with previous background in seismic stratigraphy.

Contents
Accommodation Potential: fundamentals, controls on sediment accumulation and stratal architecture (e.g., isostasy, eustasy, and sediment); base level, absolute and relative sea level, water depth; One-dimensional Sim-ulations of Stratigraphic Architecture: shoaling-upward successions, genetic seq-uences, and time-significant surfaces; Stratigraphic Sequence Concepts: Sloss and Wheeler sequences; depositional sequences genetic sequences; unconformities, Seismic Sequence and Facies Analysis: time-significance of seismic reflectors; types of depositional systems tracts; prediction of lithologies; Progradational Events in Space and Time: chrono- and litho-stratigraphic views; allogenic and autogenic stratigraphic sequences; 2-D Simulations of Stratigraphic Architecture: sediment volumes of different facies tracts; synthetic seismic and well logs; Correlation Concepts and Methods: litho-, bio- and time-stratigraphic units, markers, event beds, and surfaces; genetic sequences and stacking patterns in well logs; genetic sequences in various environments; lithology prediction and correlation; facies sensitivity & time resolution.

Dale G. Stone 2 days

Who Should Attend
Anyone involved in design, acquisition, data processing, or interpretation of 3-D seismic data. The emphasis is on design but the importance of a team effort is stressed.

Contents
Introduction: motivation for 3-D surveys, guiding principles. Two-dimensional basics: principles, theory, equations, and practical aspects of dimensionally independent survey design, including marine surveys; Knapps equations for determining offset ranges, group intervals, arrays, and fold requirements; obstacles to acquisition. Information gathering: de-sign information needed from borehole, geophysicists, geologists, and field personnel to achieve the exploration objective. Design mechanics: seven-step procedure with appropriate equations for designing a 3-D survey. Attribute analysis: evaluation of the fold, depth coverage, ranges, and azimuthal properties of the design. Design types: examples and comparisons of popular designs such as swath, cross, circle, loop, etc. Iteration: frequent need to redesign due to cost, time, or attribute distribution; a sample cost form is shown for estimation. Case studies: studies showing cost reduction, high resolution, and difficult transitional coverage. Special processing problems are discussed. Hands-on computer design will be available in most locations.